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# ![TypeScript Node](logo.svg?sanitize=true)

[![NPM version][npm-image]][npm-url]
[![NPM downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url]
[![Build status][github-actions-image]][github-actions-url]
[![Test coverage][codecov-image]][codecov-url]

> TypeScript execution and REPL for node.js, with source map support. **Works with `typescript@>=2.7`**.

### *Experimental ESM support*

Native ESM support is currently experimental. For usage, limitations, and to provide feedback, see [#1007](https://github.com/TypeStrong/ts-node/issues/1007).

## Installation

```sh
# Locally in your project.
npm install -D typescript
npm install -D ts-node

# Or globally with TypeScript.
npm install -g typescript
npm install -g ts-node
```

**Tip:** Installing modules locally allows you to control and share the versions through `package.json`. TS Node will always resolve the compiler from `cwd` before checking relative to its own installation.

## Usage

### Shell

```sh
# Execute a script as `node` + `tsc`.
ts-node script.ts

# Starts a TypeScript REPL.
ts-node

# Execute code with TypeScript.
ts-node -e 'console.log("Hello, world!")'

# Execute, and print, code with TypeScript.
ts-node -p -e '"Hello, world!"'

# Pipe scripts to execute with TypeScript.
echo 'console.log("Hello, world!")' | ts-node

# Equivalent to ts-node --script-mode
ts-node-script scripts.ts

# Equivalent to ts-node --transpile-only
ts-node-transpile-only scripts.ts
```

![TypeScript REPL](https://github.com/TypeStrong/ts-node/raw/master/screenshot.png)

### Shebang

```typescript
#!/usr/bin/env ts-node-script

console.log("Hello, world!")
```

`ts-node-script` is recommended because it enables `--script-mode`, discovering `tsconfig.json` relative to the script's location instead of `process.cwd()`.  This makes scripts more portable.

Passing CLI arguments via shebang is allowed on Mac but not Linux.  For example, the following will fail on Linux:

```
#!/usr/bin/env ts-node --script-mode --transpile-only --files
// This shebang is not portable.  It only works on Mac
```

### Programmatic

You can require `ts-node` and register the loader for future requires by using `require('ts-node').register({ /* options */ })`. You can also use file shortcuts - `node -r ts-node/register` or `node -r ts-node/register/transpile-only` - depending on your preferences.

**Note:** If you need to use advanced node.js CLI arguments (e.g. `--inspect`), use them with `node -r ts-node/register` instead of the `ts-node` CLI.

#### Developers

**TS Node** exports a `create()` function that can be used to initialize a TypeScript compiler that isn't registered to `require.extensions`, and it uses the same code as `register`.

### Mocha

Mocha 6

```sh
mocha --require ts-node/register --watch-extensions ts,tsx "test/**/*.{ts,tsx}" [...args]
```

**Note:** `--watch-extensions` is only used in `--watch` mode.

Mocha 7

```sh
mocha --require ts-node/register --extensions ts,tsx --watch --watch-files src 'tests/**/*.{ts,tsx}' [...args]
```

### Tape

```sh
ts-node node_modules/tape/bin/tape [...args]
```

### Gulp

```sh
# Create a `gulpfile.ts` and run `gulp`.
gulp
```

### Visual Studio Code

Create a new node.js configuration, add `-r ts-node/register` to node args and move the `program` to the `args` list (so VS Code doesn't look for `outFiles`).

```json
{
    "type": "node",
    "request": "launch",
    "name": "Launch Program",
    "runtimeArgs": [
        "-r",
        "ts-node/register"
    ],
    "args": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/index.ts"
    ]
}
```

**Note:** If you are using the `--project <tsconfig.json>` command line argument as per the [Configuration Options](#configuration-options), and want to apply this same behavior when launching in VS Code, add an "env" key into the launch configuration: `"env": { "TS_NODE_PROJECT": "<tsconfig.json>" }`.

### IntelliJ (and WebStorm)

Create a new Node.js configuration and add `-r ts-node/register` to "Node parameters."

**Note:** If you are using the `--project <tsconfig.json>` command line argument as per the [Configuration Options](#configuration-options), and want to apply this same behavior when launching in IntelliJ, specify under "Environment Variables": `TS_NODE_PROJECT=<tsconfig.json>`.

## How It Works

**TypeScript Node** works by registering the TypeScript compiler for `.tsx?` and `.jsx?` (when `allowJs == true`) extensions. When node.js has an extension registered (via `require.extensions`), it will use the extension internally for module resolution. When an extension is unknown to node.js, it handles the file as `.js` (JavaScript). By default, **TypeScript Node** avoids compiling files in `/node_modules/` for three reasons:

1. Modules should always be published in a format node.js can consume
2. Transpiling the entire dependency tree will make your project slower
3. Differing behaviours between TypeScript and node.js (e.g. ES2015 modules) can result in a project that works until you decide to support a feature natively from node.js

**P.S.** This means if you don't register an extension, it is compiled as JavaScript. When `ts-node` is used with `allowJs`, JavaScript files are transpiled using the TypeScript compiler.

## Loading `tsconfig.json`

**Typescript Node** loads `tsconfig.json` automatically. Use `--skip-project` to skip loading the `tsconfig.json`.

It is resolved relative to `--dir` using [the same search behavior as `tsc`](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html).  In `--script-mode`, this is the directory containing the script.  Otherwise it is resolved relative to `process.cwd()`, which matches the behavior of `tsc`.

Use `--project` to specify the path to your `tsconfig.json`, ignoring `--dir`.

**Tip**: You can use `ts-node` together with [tsconfig-paths](https://www.npmjs.com/package/tsconfig-paths) to load modules according to the `paths` section in `tsconfig.json`.

## Configuration Options

You can set options by passing them before the script path, via programmatic usage, via `tsconfig.json`, or via environment variables.

```sh
ts-node --compiler ntypescript --project src/tsconfig.json hello-world.ts
```

**Note:** [`ntypescript`](https://github.com/TypeStrong/ntypescript#readme) is an example of a TypeScript-compatible `compiler`.

### CLI Options

`ts-node` supports `--print` (`-p`), `--eval` (`-e`), `--require` (`-r`) and `--interactive` (`-i`) similar to the [node.js CLI options](https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html).

* `-h, --help` Prints the help text
* `-v, --version` Prints the version. `-vv` prints node and typescript compiler versions, too
* `-s, --script-mode` Resolve config relative to the directory of the passed script instead of the current directory. Changes default of `--dir`

### CLI and Programmatic Options

_The name of the environment variable and the option's default value are denoted in parentheses._

* `-T, --transpile-only` Use TypeScript's faster `transpileModule` (`TS_NODE_TRANSPILE_ONLY`, default: `false`)
* `-H, --compiler-host` Use TypeScript's compiler host API (`TS_NODE_COMPILER_HOST`, default: `false`)
* `-I, --ignore [pattern]` Override the path patterns to skip compilation (`TS_NODE_IGNORE`, default: `/node_modules/`)
* `-P, --project [path]` Path to TypeScript JSON project file (`TS_NODE_PROJECT`)
* `-C, --compiler [name]` Specify a custom TypeScript compiler (`TS_NODE_COMPILER`, default: `typescript`)
* `-D, --ignore-diagnostics [code]` Ignore TypeScript warnings by diagnostic code (`TS_NODE_IGNORE_DIAGNOSTICS`)
* `-O, --compiler-options [opts]` JSON object to merge with compiler options (`TS_NODE_COMPILER_OPTIONS`)
* `--dir` Specify working directory for config resolution (`TS_NODE_CWD`, default: `process.cwd()`, or `dirname(scriptPath)` if `--script-mode`)
* `--scope` Scope compiler to files within `cwd` (`TS_NODE_SCOPE`, default: `false`)
* `--files` Load `files`, `include` and `exclude` from `tsconfig.json` on startup (`TS_NODE_FILES`, default: `false`)
* `--pretty` Use pretty diagnostic formatter (`TS_NODE_PRETTY`, default: `false`)
* `--skip-project` Skip project config resolution and loading (`TS_NODE_SKIP_PROJECT`, default: `false`)
* `--skip-ignore` Skip ignore checks (`TS_NODE_SKIP_IGNORE`, default: `false`)
* `--emit` Emit output files into `.ts-node` directory (`TS_NODE_EMIT`, default: `false`)
* `--prefer-ts-exts` Re-order file extensions so that TypeScript imports are preferred (`TS_NODE_PREFER_TS_EXTS`, default: `false`)
* `--log-error` Logs TypeScript errors to stderr instead of throwing exceptions (`TS_NODE_LOG_ERROR`, default: `false`)

### Programmatic-only Options

* `transformers` `_ts.CustomTransformers | ((p: _ts.Program) => _ts.CustomTransformers)`: An object with transformers or a factory function that accepts a program and returns a transformers object to pass to TypeScript. Factory function cannot be used with `transpileOnly` flag
* `readFile`: Custom TypeScript-compatible file reading function
* `fileExists`: Custom TypeScript-compatible file existence function

### Options via tsconfig.json

Most options can be specified by a `"ts-node"` object in `tsconfig.json` using their programmatic, camelCase names. For example, to enable `--transpile-only`:

```json
// tsconfig.json
{
  "ts-node": {
    "transpileOnly": true
  },
  "compilerOptions": {}
}
```

Our bundled [JSON schema](https://unpkg.com/browse/ts-node@8.8.2/tsconfig.schema.json) lists all compatible options.

## SyntaxError

Any error that is not a `TSError` is from node.js (e.g. `SyntaxError`), and cannot be fixed by TypeScript or `ts-node`. These are runtime issues with your code.

### Import Statements

There are two options when using `import` statements: compile them to CommonJS or use node's native ESM support.

To compile to CommonJS, you must set `"module": "CommonJS"` in your `tsconfig.json` or compiler options.

Node's native ESM support is currently experimental and so is `ts-node`'s ESM loader hook.  For usage, limitations, and to provide feedback, see [#1007](https://github.com/TypeStrong/ts-node/issues/1007).

## Help! My Types Are Missing!

**TypeScript Node** does _not_ use `files`, `include` or `exclude`, by default. This is because a large majority projects do not use all of the files in a project directory (e.g. `Gulpfile.ts`, runtime vs tests) and parsing every file for types slows startup time. Instead, `ts-node` starts with the script file (e.g. `ts-node index.ts`) and TypeScript resolves dependencies based on imports and references.

For global definitions, you can use the `typeRoots` compiler option.  This requires that your type definitions be structured as type packages (not loose TypeScript definition files). More details on how this works can be found in the [TypeScript Handbook](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html#types-typeroots-and-types).

Example `tsconfig.json`:

```json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "typeRoots" : ["./node_modules/@types", "./typings"]
  }
}
```

Example project structure:

```text
<project_root>/
-- tsconfig.json
-- typings/
  -- <module_name>/
    -- index.d.ts
```

Example module declaration file:

```typescript
declare module '<module_name>' {
    // module definitions go here
}
```

For module definitions, you can use [`paths`](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/module-resolution.html#path-mapping):

```json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "baseUrl": ".",
    "paths": {
      "custom-module-type": ["types/custom-module-type"]
    }
  }
}
```

An alternative approach for definitions of third-party libraries are [triple-slash directives](https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/triple-slash-directives.html). This may be helpful if you prefer not to change your TypeScript `compilerOptions` or structure your custom type definitions when using `typeRoots`. Below is an example of the triple-slash directive as a relative path within your project:

```typescript
/// <reference types="./types/untyped_js_lib" />
import UntypedJsLib from "untyped_js_lib"
```

**Tip:** If you _must_ use `files`, `include`, or `exclude`, enable `--files` flags or set `TS_NODE_FILES=true`.

## Watching and Restarting

**TypeScript Node** compiles source code via `require()`, watching files and code reloads are out of scope for the project. If you want to restart the `ts-node` process on file change, existing node.js tools such as [nodemon](https://github.com/remy/nodemon), [onchange](https://github.com/Qard/onchange) and [node-dev](https://github.com/fgnass/node-dev) work.

There's also [`ts-node-dev`](https://github.com/whitecolor/ts-node-dev), a modified version of [`node-dev`](https://github.com/fgnass/node-dev) using `ts-node` for compilation that will restart the process on file change.

## License

MIT

[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/ts-node.svg?style=flat
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/ts-node
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/ts-node.svg?style=flat
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/ts-node
[github-actions-image]: https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/TypeStrong/ts-node/Continuous%20Integration
[github-actions-url]: https://github.com/TypeStrong/ts-node/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22
[codecov-image]: https://codecov.io/gh/TypeStrong/ts-node/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
[codecov-url]: https://codecov.io/gh/TypeStrong/ts-node
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